Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 30-36 , January 2009

Mindfulness Meditation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Naturalistic 12-Month Follow-up

  • Jason C. Ong, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding Author. Address: 1653 W. Congress Parkway Chicago, IL 60612-3833
  • ,
  • Shauna L. Shapiro, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA
  • ,
  • Rachel Manber, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

References 

  1. National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference Statement. Manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Sleep. 2005;28:1049–1057
  2. Stepanski E. Hypnotics should not be considered for the initial treatment of chronic insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2005;1:125–128
  3. Morin CM, Colecchi C, Stone J, Sood R, Brink D. Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999;281:991–999
  4. Jacobs GD, Pace-Schott EF, Stickgold R, Otto MW. Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial and direct comparison. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1888–1896
  5. Sivertsen B, Omvik S, Pallesen S, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy vs zopiclone for treatment of chronic primary insomnia in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295:2851–2858
  6. Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-Zinn J. Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1995;17:192–200
  7. Grossman P, Tiefenthaler-Gilmer U, Raysz A, Kesper U. Mindfulness training as an intervention for fibromyalgia: evidence of postintervention and 3-year follow-up benefits in well-being. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76:226–233
  8. Teasdale JD, Segal ZV, Williams JM, Ridgeway VA, Soulsby JM, Lau MA. Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:615–623
  9. Carlson LE, Garland SN. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12:278–285
  10. Shapiro SL, Bootzin RR, Figueredo AJ, Lopez AM, Schwartz GE. The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: an exploratory study. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54:85–91
  11. Bootzin RR, Stevens SJ. Adolescents, substance abuse, and the treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:629–644
  12. Winbush NY, Gross CR, Kreitzer MJ. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on sleep disturbance: a systematic review. Explore (NY). 2007;3:585–591
  13. Ong JC, Shapiro SL, Manber R. Combining mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia: a treatment-development study. Behav Ther. 2008;39:171–182
  14. Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM, Onken LS. A stage model of behavioral therapies research: getting started and moving on from stage I. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2001;8:133–142
  15. Edinger JD, Bonnet MH, Bootzin RR, et al. Derivation of research diagnostic criteria for insomnia: report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group. Sleep. 2004;27:1567–1596
  16. Bastien CH, Vallieres A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001;2:297–307
  17. Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB. Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment. 2004;11:191–206
  18. Nicassio PM, Mendlowitz DR, Fussell JJ, Petras L. The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: the development of the pre-sleep arousal scale. Behav Res Ther. 1985;23:174–263
  19. Broomfield NM, Espie CA. Towards a valid, reliable measure of sleep effort. J Sleep Res. 2005;14:401–407
  20. Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54:1063–1070
  21. Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, Taylor DJ, Bush AJ, Riedel BW. Quantitative criteria for insomnia. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41:427–445
  22. Kabat-Zinn J, Santoreli S. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Professional Training. Worcester, MA: Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society; 2004;
  23. Manber R, Kuo TF. Cognitative-behavioral therapies for insomnia. In:  Lee-Choing L,  Sateia J,  Carskadon MA editor. Sleep Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus; 2002;p. 177–185
  24. Morin CM. Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1993;
  25. Sheldon MR, Fillyaw MJ, Thompson WD. The use and interpretation of the Friedman test in the analysis of ordinal-scale data in repeated measures designs. Physiother Res Int. 1996;1:221–228
  26. Schoenfeld D. Statistical considerations for pilot studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980;6:371–374
  27. Rush AJ, Kraemer HC, Sackeim HA, et al. Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:1841–1853
  28. Spielman AJ, Caruso LS, Glovinsky PB. A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1987;10:541–553
  29. Kabat-Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York, NY: Delacorte Press; 1990;
  30. Shapiro SL, Carlson LE, Astin JA, Freedman B. Mechanisms of mindfulness. J Clin Psychol. 2006;62:373–386

 This project was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health, National Research Service Award MH 19938 awarded to J.C.O. Portions of the data from this study were presented at the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies June 7–12, 2008 in Baltimore, MD.

PII: S1550-8307(08)00324-8

doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2008.10.004

Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 30-36 , January 2009