Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 5 , Pages 265-271 , September 2009

Mindfulness and Rumination: Does Mindfulness Training Lead to Reductions in the Ruminative Thinking Associated With Depression?

  • Mary Deyo, PsyD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Graduate School of Psychology–Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding Author. Address: 405 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063
  • ,
  • Kimberly A. Wilson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Stanford University, CA
  • ,
  • Jason Ong, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
  • ,
  • Cheryl Koopman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Stanford University, CA

References 

  1. Just N, Alloy LB. The response styles theory of depression: tests and an extension of the theory. J Abnorm Psychol. 1997;106:221–229
  2. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109:504–511
  3. Spasojevic J, Alloy LB. Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion. 2001;1:25–37
  4. Jain S, Shapiro SL, Swanick S, Roesch SC, Mills P. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Ann Behav Med. 2007;33:11–21
  5. Kingston T, Dooley B, Bates A, Lawlor E, Malone K. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for residual depressive symptoms. Psychol Psychother. 2007;80:193–203
  6. Oman D, Sharpiro SL, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T. Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Health. 2008;56:569–578
  7. Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982;4:33–47
  8. Kabat-Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress Pain and Illness. New York, NY: Delacorte; 1990;
  9. Ramel W, Goldin PR, Carmona PE, McQuaid JR. The effects of mindfulness meditation on cognitive processes and affect in patients with past depression. Cogn Ther Res. 2004;28:433–455
  10. Ma SH, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects. J Consult Clin Psychother. 2004;72:31–40
  11. Teasdale JD, Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Ridgeway VA, Soulsby JM, Lau MA. Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:615–623
  12. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100:569–582
  13. Horowitz MJ, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med. 1979;41:209–218
  14. Fritz HL. Rumination and adjustment to a first coronary event. Psychosom Med. 1999;61:105
  15. Nolen-Hoeksem S, Larson J, Grayson C. Explaining gender difference in depressive symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;77:1061–1072
  16. Broderick PC. Mindfulness and coping with dysphoric mood: contrasts with rumination and distraction. Cogn Ther Res. 2005;29:501–510
  17. Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol. 2003;10:125–143
  18. Miller JJ, Fletcher K, Kabat-Zinn J. Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1995;17:192–200
  19. Kabat-Zinn J. Wherever You Go There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life. New York, NY: Hyperion; 1994;
  20. Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. J Behav Med. 1985;8:163–190
  21. Coffman SJ, Dimidjian S, Baer RA. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of depressive relapse. In:  Baer RA editors. Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches: Clinician's Guide to Evidence Base and Applications. London, England: Academic Press; 2006;p. 31–50
  22. Kabat-Zinn J, Massion AO, Kristeller J, et al. Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:936–943
  23. Kristeller JL, Hallett CB. An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. J Health Psychol. 1999;4:357–363
  24. Speca M, Carlson LE, Goodey E, Angen M. A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosom Med. 2000;2:613–622
  25. Bishop S. What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction?. Psychosom Med. 2002;64:71–84
  26. Bonadonna R. Meditation's impact on chronic illness. Holist Nurs Pract. 2003;17:309–319
  27. Grossman P, Niemann L, Schmidt S, Walach H. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57:35–43
  28. Toneatto T, Nguyen L. Does mindfulness meditation improve anxiety and mood symptoms? (A review of controlled research). Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52:260–266
  29. Teasdale JT, Segal ZV, Williams JMG. How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help?. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33:25–39
  30. Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD, Gemar M. A cognitive science perspective on kindling and episode sensitization in recurrent affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1996;26:371–380
  31. Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse. New York, NY: Guildford Press; 2002;
  32. Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB. Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment. 2004;11:191–206
  33. Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006;13:27–45
  34. Trapnell PD, Campbell JD. Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: distinguishing rumination from reflection. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;76:284–304
  35. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive Therapy for Depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1979;
  36. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:53–63
  37. Beck AT. Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1967;
  38. Beck AT, Beamesderfer A. Assessment of depression. The Depression Inventory (Psychological measurements in psychopharmacology). In:  Pichot P editors. Modern Problems In Pharmacopsychiatry. Paris & Basel: Karger; 1974;p. 151–159
  39. Yin P, Fan X. Assessing the reliability of Beck Depression Inventory scores: reliability generalization across studies. Educ Psychol Meas. 2000;60:201–224
  40. Blais MA, Lenderking WR, Baer L, deLorell A, Peets K, Leahy L. Development and initial validation of a brief mental health outcome measure. J Pers Assess. 1999;73:359–373
  41. Carmody J, Baer RA. Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008;31:23–33
  42. Chang VY, Palesh O, Caldwell R, et al. The effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on stress, mindfulness self-efficacy, and positive states of mind. Stress Health. 2004;20:141–147

PII: S1550-8307(09)00210-9

doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2009.06.005

Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 5 , Pages 265-271 , September 2009