Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 6 , Pages 338-340 , November 2009

Pilot Study of Emotional Freedom Techniques, Wholistic Hybrid Derived From Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Emotional Freedom Technique, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Test Anxiety in University Students

  • Daniel J. Benor, MD

      Affiliations

    • Association for Comprehensive Energy Psychology, Haverford, PA
    • ,
  • Karen Ledger, RN, BScN

      Affiliations

    • Association for Comprehensive Energy Psychology, Haverford, PA
    • ,
  • Loren Toussaint, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding Author. Address: Department of Psychology, Luther College, 700 College Drive, Decorah, IA 52101
    • ,
  • Geoffrey Hett, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia
    • ,
  • Daniel Zaccaro, BA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA

References 

  1. Waite LW, Holder MD. Assessment of the emotional freedom technique: an alternative treatment for fear. Sci Rev Ment Health Pract. 2003;2:20–26
  2. Benor DJ. 7 Minutes to Natural Pain Release: WHEE for Tapping Your Pain Away–The Revolutionary New Self-Healing Method. Fulton, Calif: Energy Psychology Press; 2008;
  3. Bauman W, Melnyk WT. A controlled comparison of eye movements and finger tapping in the treatment of test anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1994;25:29–33
  4. Gosselin P, Matthews W. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of test anxiety: a study of the effects of expectancy and eye movement. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1995;26:331–337
  5. Maxfield L, Melnyk WT. Single session treatment of test anxiety with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Int J Stress Manag. 2000;7(2):87–101
  6. Stevens MJ, Florell DW. EDMR as a treatment for test anxiety. Imagin Cogn Pers. 1998-1999;18:285-296.
  7. American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Arlington, Va: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines; 2004;
  8. Feinstein D. Energy psychology: a review of the preliminary evidence (Psychotherapy: theory, research, practice). Training. 2008;45:199–213
  9. Elder C, Ritenbaugh C, Mist S, et al. Randomized trial of two mind-body interventions for weight-loss maintenance. J Altern Complement Med. 2007;13:67–78
  10. Wells S, Polglase K, Andrews HB, Carrington P, Baker AH. Evaluation of a meridian-based intervention, emotional freedom techniques (EFT), for reducing specific phobias of small animals. J Clin Psychol. 2003;59:943–966
  11. Cormier S, Nurius PS, Osborn CJ. Interviewing Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions. Florence, Ky: Brooks Cole; 2008;
  12. Wachelka D, Katz RC. Reducing test anxiety and improving academic self-esteem in high school and college students with learning disabilities. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1999;30(3):191–198
  13. Test Anxiety Inventory. Mind Garden. http://www.mindgarden.com/products/tsans.htmAccessed August 21, 2008
  14. Green DE, Walkey FH, McCormick IA, Taylor AJW. Development and evaluation of a 21-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist with New Zealand and United States respondents. Aust J Psychol. 1988;40:61–70

PII: S1550-8307(09)00276-6

doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2009.08.001

Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 5, Issue 6 , Pages 338-340 , November 2009

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