Healing the Heart: A Randomized Pilot Study of a Spiritual Retreat for Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Warber, Sara L.; Ingerman, Sandra; Moura, Vera L.; Wunder, Jenna; Northrop, Alyssa; Gillespie, Brenda W.; Durda, Kate; Smith, Katherine; Rhodes, Katherine S.; Rubenfire, Melvyn

doi:10.1016/j.explore.2011.04.002

« Previous Next »Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
Volume 7, Issue 4 , Pages 222-233, July 2011

Healing the Heart: A Randomized Pilot Study of a Spiritual Retreat for Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Sara L. Warber, MD
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Corresponding Author. Address: 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213
Sandra Ingerman, MA
- Medicine for the Earth teachers, Santa Fe, NM (SI) and Charlotte, MI (KD)
Vera L. Moura, MD
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chapel Hill, NC
Jenna Wunder, MPH
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Alyssa Northrop, MPH
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Brenda W. Gillespie, PhD
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Kate Durda, MA
- Medicine for the Earth teachers, Santa Fe, NM (SI) and Charlotte, MI (KD)
Katherine Smith, MPH
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA
Katherine S. Rhodes, PhD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Melvyn Rubenfire, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Background

Depression is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in coronary heart disease. Numerous conventional and complementary therapies may address depression. Few involving spirituality have been tested.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a nondenominational spiritual retreat, Medicine for the Earth (MFTE), on depression and other measures of well-being six- to 18-months post acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Design/Setting

A randomized controlled pilot study of MFTE, Lifestyle Change Program (LCP), or usual cardiac care (control) was conducted in Southeastern Michigan.

Participants

ACS patients were recruited via local and national advertising (n = 58 enrolled, 41 completed).

Interventions

The four-day MFTE intervention included guided imagery, meditation, drumming, journal writing, and nature-based activities. The four-day LCP included nutrition education, exercise, and stress management. Both retreat groups received follow-up phone coaching biweekly for three months.

Main Outcome Measures

Validated self-report scales of depression, spiritual well-being, perceived stress, and hope were collected at baseline, immediately post-retreat, and at three and six months.

Results

Depression was not significantly different among groups (P = .21). However, the MFTE group had the highest depression scores at baseline and had significantly lower scores at all postintervention time points (P ≤ .002). Hope significantly improved among MFTE participants, an effect that persisted at three- and six-month follow-up (P = .014). Although several measures showed improvement in all groups by six months, the MFTE group had immediate improvement post-retreat, which was maintained.